Lawn Care草坪护理

L awns are a standard or essential feature of ornamental private and public gardens and landscapes in much of the world today. 升 awns是一个标准的或本质特征观赏私人和公共花园和景观，在世界许多地区今天。 Lawns are created for aesthetic use in gardens, and for recreational use, including sports.草坪上创造的审美使用在花园，作康乐用途，包括体育。 They are typically planted near homes, often as part of gardens, and are also used in other ornamental landscapes and gardens.他们通常是附近种植的家园，往往作为的一部分，花园，也可用在其他观赏景观和花园。

Lawns are also a common feature of public parks and other spaces.草坪上也有一个共同特征，市民公园及其他空间。 They form the playing surface for many outdoor sports, cutting erosion and dust as well as providing a cushion for players in high impact sports such as football, cricket, baseball, golf, tennis and bowling.他们的形式公平的表面对于许多户外运动，切割的侵蚀和灰尘，以及提供一个缓冲的球员在高冲击运动如足球，板球，棒球，高尔夫，网球和保龄球。 In sports venues, the term lawn is usually replaced by turf or green.在体育场馆，任期通常是草坪所取代，草坪或绿色。

Several different species of grass are used, depending partly on the intended use of the lawn, with vigorous, coarse grasses used where active sports are played, and much finer, softer grasses on ornamental lawns, and partly on climate, with different grasses adapted to oceanic climates with cool summmers, and tropical and continental climates with hot summers.几个不同品种的草的使用，根据部分就打算使用的草坪上，与充满活力，粗草用的情况下，积极发挥体育，和许多细，柔软的草上观赏草坪，以及部分对气候，不同的草适应海洋气候凉爽summmers ，和热带和大陆的气候与夏季炎热。

Important cool summer grasses include species of Agrostis (bent), Festuca (fescue), Lolium (ryegrass; the most important sports grass), and Poa (meadow-grass or bluegrass).重要的凉夏草，包括种agrostis （一心） ， （ Festuca （羊茅） ，花黑麦草（黑麦草;最重要的体育草） ，早熟禾（草甸草或早熟禾） 。 Important hot summer grasses include species of Cynodon (bermuda grass) and Zoysia (zoysia grass).重要炎热的夏季草，包括种狗（百慕达草）和结缕草（结缕草草） 。

Lawns cover a significant area in the United States.草坪包括一个相当大的面积在美国。 In a recent NASA-sponsored study, researcher Christina Milesi estimated the area covered by lawns to be about 128,000 square kilometers (nearly 32 million acres) making it the largest irrigated crop in the United States, about three times that of irrigated corn.在最近的美国航天局赞助的研究，研究员克里斯蒂娜milesi估计，该地区所涵盖的草坪上，以约一十二点八零万平方公里（近三千二点○万英亩）使它成为最大的灌溉作物在美国，约3倍，灌溉玉米。 [1] [ 1 ]

Lawncare is big business in America. lawncare是大企业在美国。 Estimates of the amount spent on professional lawn care services vary, but a Harris Survey put the total at $28.9 billion in 2002, which calculates to roughly $1,200 per household, spread over the 24.7 million households who use such services.估计的金额用在专业草坪护理服务有所不同，但哈里斯的调查，把总在二百八十九亿美元在2002年，计算大约$ 1200每个家庭，蔓延超过2470.0万户谁使用这种服务。

Virginia Scott Jenkins, in her book The Lawn: A History of an American Obsession (1994), traces the desire to kill weeds historically.维吉尼亚州斯科特詹金斯，在她的书的草坪上：历史的美国痴迷（ 1994年） ，痕迹的愿望，杀死杂草的历史。 She notes that the current rage for a chemically-dependent lawn emerged after World War II, and argues that "American front lawns are a symbol of man's control of, or superiority over, his environment."她指出，目前流行一种化学依赖草坪上出现了二战结束后，并辩称， “美国前草坪是一个象征，人的控制，或优势，他的环境” 。

Approximately 50-70 percent of US residential water is used for landscaping, most of it to water lawns.约50-70 ％的美国住宅水是用于美化环境，它的大部分水的草坪。

Along with trees, lawns are a vital player in the fight against urban heat islanding.随着树木，草坪的一个重要的球员在打击城市热孤岛。 They provide oxygen conversion, filtering of air particulates, erosion control, air and surface cooling to offset miles of new asphalt, cement, and rooftops.他们提供的氧气转换，过滤空气中的微粒，侵蚀控制，空中和地面冷却，以抵消英里新的沥青，水泥，及天台。 In comparison to bare dirt, a lawn may be 20 degrees cooler on a hot day, and up to 40 degrees cooler than cement surfaces.[citation needed]在比较暴露的污垢，草坪，可20度凉，对热天，和高达40度，凉，比水泥路面。 [引文需要]

Maintenance, construction and management of lawns of various kinds are the focus of much of the modern horticulture industry.维修，建设和管理，草坪各种的焦点大部分的现代园艺业。

Maintenance 维修

Maintaining a rough lawn requires only occasional cutting with a suitable machine, or grazing by animals.保持一个粗略的草坪，只需要偶尔切割与一个合适的机器，或放牧动物。

Higher quality lawns however require a number of operations.更高质量的草坪，但需要进行手术的次数。 These may include:这些可能包括：

• Mowing, to cut the grass regularly to an even height刈割，削减基层定期向更高度
• Scarifying and raking, to remove dead grass and prevent tufting scarifying和清污，以消除死基层和防止tufting
• Rolling, to encourage tillering (branching of grass plants), and to level the ground轧制，以鼓励分蘖（分枝基层植物） ，以及水平地面
• Top dressing the lawn with sand, soil or other material追肥草坪与砂，土壤或其他物质
• Spiking or aeration, to relieve compaction of the soil扣球或曝气，以纾缓压实土壤
• Watering, to prevent from going dormant and turning brown浇水，以防止从去冬眠和契机布朗
• Fertilizing施肥
• Pesticide application to manage weeds and pests农药使用管理，杂草和害虫